
The Tale of Genji, a very long and episodic prose work written in Japanese in the eleventh century, is sometimes referred to as the first modern novel. It’s held in such high esteem in Japan that Yasunari Kawabata, who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1968, remarked in his acceptance speech: "The Tale of Genji in particular is the highest pinnacle of Japanese literature. Even down to our day there has not been a piece of fiction to compare with it."
I have long been intrigued by the work, and have been staring at the two purple hard-cover volumes of the Seidensticker translation for twenty years at least. Now, at last, having plowed through most of volume one--four hundred pages--in the course of the last few weeks, I must say that I would rather read a novel by Kawabata himself any day. A Thousand Cranes, The Master of Go, The Sound of the Mountain. These are all relatively short works, but they’re rife with nuances of description, plot, and character that are nowhere to be found in The Tale of Genji.
The novel’s namesake is the natural son of the emperor. He’s a fine piece of work, handsome and gallant, and evidently better at painting, exchanging verses, and playing the various kotos then popular—seven-string, thirteen-string Chinese, seven-string Korean—than any of his contemporaries. His father would like nothing better than to name him successor to the throne, but because Genji’s mother was one of the emperor’s lesser consorts, he recognizes that Genji would have a difficult time of it—he wouldn’t have “strong backing.” So Genji, the shining light of the upper-crust, must go through life as a “commoner.”
During the first few chapters of the book, Genji spends a good deal of his time slipping into the bedrooms of various high ladies, often incognito. At the time, life for even the loftiest aristocrats was little better than camping out; if you were visiting a neighbor and the time got late, everyone merely chose a corner of this or that pavilion to sleep, especially when the weather got hot; opportunities for dalliance were rife.
Genji, adept at window-peeping, seems often to become enthralled by the thickness of an unknown woman’s hair or her skill at the koto. Many two-line poems are surreptitiously exchanged, often tied to the twigs of bushes that carry symbolic overtones. The novel's author, Lady Murasaki, describes in detail the various types of hand-made paper chosen for these exchanges. If the paper, hand-writing, and sentiment expressed are all especially fine, the next step might be a personal conversation conducted through a screen. Making it to the other side of the screen was tantamount to consummating the relationship.These enterprises present Genji with both tactical and emotional challenges, but were apparently so widespread and conventional at the time that ethical concerns seldom arise. The disinterested reader might come to the conclusion that Genji was not always the best at choosing his playmates. One of his love interests, a poor and lonely (but high-born) woman named Yugao, dies in his arms during a tryst at a temple. She was seventeen. He also forms a brief liaison with one of his father’s consorts, Fijitsubo, who happens to be the spitting image of his mother. Though news of the affair never leaks out, Fijitsibo has a child who is both Genji’s brother and son. (The child later becomes emperor. Fijitsibo becomes a nun.)
Perhaps Genji’s greatest love is with Akashi-no-kimi, a lowly woman (though her father is a provincial magistrate) whom he meets during a time of exile from court on the windswept mountain coast. (Genji was exiled—you guessed it—after being caught red-handed in the bed of one of his brother's (i.e. the new emperor's) concubines.) Akashi has a daughter, and Genji, who is truly fond of the woman, wants the child to be properly brought up. Once he's been invited back to court, he summons mother and daughter to his mansion in the city. The catch is this: his daughter by Akashi will now be put under the charge of his second official wife, Murasaki (Fijitsubo's niece.) In case you’re wondering, Genji had veritably kidnapped Murasaki when she was ten, because she had long, thick, glistening hair, had already proved herself to be a gifted koto player, and reminded him of … but I think you get the point.
All of these comings and goings are told with a good deal of formality—though the nature-writing is good—and I had a hard time keeping track of who was who. After a few hundred pages I began to long for some real action—a battle, a little sword-play, a deed of stirring nobility.The Tale of Genji is often praised for its psychological insights, and I guess it compares favorably with other literary works of the same era, for example, The Cid:
The message arrives from Count Ramon;
When my Cid heard it, he sent back an answer:
"Tell the count not to take it amiss.
I have nothing of his. Tell him to leave me alone.”
The count answered, "That is not true!
Now he shall pay me all, from now and from before.
He shall learn, this outcast, whom he has dishonored.”
All the same, this masterpiece of Japanese literature doesn’t really have much of an edge. I'm not sure it even qualifies as a "novel." Rather, it falls in the same category as Remembrance of Things Past and A Man Without Qualities, of perhaps absorbing, but largely shapeless, thinly-veiled memoirs.





















